CE: 1766 CF:cag12318
REFERENCE ARTICLE
Endophyte microorganisms associated to Theobroma cacao as biological control agents of Moniliophthora roreri
María Aracely Vera Loor1, Alexander Bernal Cabrera2, Michel Leiva Mora3, Amstrong Edison Agustín Vera Loor4, Danilo Vera Coello1, Sofía Peñaherrera Villafuerte1, Karina Solís Hidalgo1, Pedro Terrero Yépez1, Vicente Eduardo Jiménez Guerrero5
1Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, km 5 vía Quevedo-El Empalme, Cantón Mocache, Los Ríos, Ecuador. CP 120224,
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2Departamento de Agronomía. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Carretera a Camajuaní, km 5½, Santa Clara, Cuba. CP 54830
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3Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Riobamba, Chimborazo, Ecuador
4Unidad Educativa Quinindé, Vía a Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas km 1½, Ecuador
4Vivero Jim-Vera. km 5 vía a Guayllabamba, Cantón Quinindé, Esmeraldas, Ecuador
ABSTRACT
The present work was carried out with the objective of updating the state of existing information on the endophytic microorganisms associated with Theobroma cacao L., as agents of biological control of moniliasis, caused by Moniliophthora roreri Evans et al. It is summarized on the origin and evolution of the definitions of endophytic microorganisms, emphasizing the biological control of cocoa diseases with emphasis on moniliasis, one of the most important phytosanitary problems worldwide; as well as an assessment of their employment prospects. Fungal and bacterial endophytes have several mechanisms of action, which include direct competition for space and nutrients, antibiosis, mycoparasitism, induced systemic resistance and promotion of growth; functions that are part of the strategies for an effective and sustainable management of the frosty pod rot.
